Khotan rug, floor covering handwoven in or about the ancient city of Khotan (Hotan) in the southern Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (Chinese Turkistan). Khotan rugs were once called Samarkand rugs after the Central Asian trading centre. They combine Chinese details with Central Asian design schemes and Western vivid colouring, except where recent fugitive dyes have reduced their effect to washed-out pastels. The technique of Khotan rugs, s has been influenced to some degree by the earlier carpets of Per., but the decoration generally consists of lattice designs bearing clusters of rosettes. Similar designs have been used for woolen carpets, together with triple-medallion schemes in blue on red, pomegranate vines that grow from little vases, or perhaps coffered patterns showing chrysanthemum heads locked into squares. The borders may have Chinese wave and fret patterns or flowering vines.

 Khotan rugs with woolen pile have cotton warp and mixed-colour wool or cotton weft and are usually made with the asymmetrical knot. Field colours may be blue, yellow, or white, as well as the usual red.